英语语法-田瀚博

词性

名词

可数名词不要单写 a n. / the n. + 定语
名词在句首一般是主语

动词

及物动词 vt. 直接加宾语
不及物动词 vi. 不能加宾语 没有被动

形容词 adj. 形容名词

大部分是前置的
This is a book different from other books ,形容词后置但还是修饰的 a book

连词

  • 加句子 引导一个句子
    并列两句话 :and or but so
    however,thus,therefore,furthermore 都是副词 不能连接两个句子
  • 关系连词
    when/if/who/how/altough/while 也不能单独引导一句话

介词 后面加名词、动名词

介词短语的作用

  • 修饰名词
    I can play soccer in my school (定语)
  • 修饰动词
    I can play soccer in my school (状语)

介词

in 在…范围
on 在上面 impact/effect on n. 实体的/虚拟的
for 介词 为了
连词 因为 后面加句子 =because
of 对于/ 强调属性
with 和/用
to 当箭头用 改指向
over + n. 超过 + 抽象名词 = to/of
across 遍布
about 关于 + 数字相关的词 大于

副词 adv.

修饰 动词/形容词/副词

冠词

a 一个 泛指
the 特指 翻译成 ‘这个’

代词

任何代词在阅读中 你需要去找指代
the / this / it

量词

a n. of n. 一堆

句型

主谓宾

I love you
I am happy
I am in school
定语 =adj. 修饰名词
状语 =adv. 修饰动词

主语从句 主语本身是个句子

句子做主语,谓语用单数

  1. how/what/where 引导
  2. that 引导
    That you play tennis is interesting (that 指代 你打网球这件事)

宾语从句

写作中宾语从句 that 不要省略
阅读中 要小心 that 可能省略
I think that I like to play soccer
I think that That these books are good is interesting

状语从句

关系分词 + 分句 ,主句( 主谓宾 )
或 主句( 主谓宾 ), 关系分词 + 分句
只是顺序不同,意思完全相同

Although I think that That these books are good is interesting , 主句
本质: 修饰动词

While

  1. 分句有进行时, 一般 是 ” 当”
  2. 没有进行时 一般是尽管 = although

As 介词: 作为 + n.
连词:句子
当/ 随着
因为 主句一个现象 , as sdasdasfas
正如, as sb/sth v., 句首/插入语

as adj. as
翻译时: 第一个 as 忽略,第二个 as 翻译成正如
This city is as beautiful as Shanghai ( 这座美丽的城市 正如上海一样)

定语从句

本质就是形容词
I like this book that is red

没有逗号

I like this book that is red
先行词做宾语,That 或者 whick 可以省略
I like this book ( that ) he read
This book he read is good

加逗号 非限定

which 可能指 book 也可能指读书这件事
I like to read these book, which makes me happy
看到定语从句要去想修饰哪个词

介词 + 定语从句 + 完整句子

只能用 which
不会修饰前面一句话
I like this book in which there is an apple ( 我喜欢这本书,在这本书上,有一个苹果)
I know a lots of friends among which there are many doctors ( 我知道很多朋友,在这些朋友中, 有很多医生)

  1. Where 和 When 引导的定语从句
    在定语从句中做状语
    Where 修饰地点,任何可以用 in 来描述的范围
    I like the situation in your school where( in which) I can learn many things ( 我喜欢这个氛围在你的学校,在这个氛围里,我能学到很多事)
    When 修饰时间

专有名词 + 后面定语从句 ( 修饰专有名词 )
I like WTO 20 years ago , which

定语从句 和状语从句的区别

I can go to shanghai where I have many books 定语从句,修饰上海 ( 我能去上海,在上海我有很多书

I can go to shanghai , where I have many books 状语从句,修饰 go , (在我有很多书的地方,我才能去上海 ) 原理 不要在意语义

非谓语动词

无论多么复杂冗长的句子,它有且仅有一个谓语动词。
也是动词, 但凡是动词 你就要去想 谁发出的动词

没有逗号

I like this book making me happy (形容 book)

有逗号

I like this book,making me happy. (i,book 或者整句话 都有可能)

动名词做主语

Ving + 宾语 + 谓语 (单数) + 宾语
Thinking that you are good is interesting
Producing computers from China is interesting

形式主语

  1. It is adj. for sb. to do sth.
  2. It is adj. that …
    It is important that we should read books

It plays computer ( 不是形式主语, 需要去前文找指代)
It seems that you are right (这是形式主语,似乎你是对的)
感官动词 系动词 be

同位语从句 解释名词内容 只能用 that

I like this piece of news that is fresh 定语从句
I like this piece of news that I can read books
I like this iead/opinion/new/story ( 有内容的名词 ) that …

There be 有

本质 there be + n. 整体是一个完整的句子
There are apples 定语从句/非谓语/介词短语/同位语
There is no n.

变形

There might be
There is going to be n
There exist n.

强调句

It is adj. for sb. to do sth.
It is __ that ___

倒装

本质 主谓宾 宾谓主

this book is among many books
among mant books is this book

否定副词打头 后面句子是半倒装
否定副词 + 谓语 + 主语 + 宾语
I could rarely finish this
Rarely could i finish this

否定副词 only / rarely / seldom / nor / mrely / barely / not only / neither / scarely

With /without

with

With 介词短语 不能当主语
With A doing/done sth. 伴随着 A 做/被做
With this book that is red in China where you can play computers that are interesting making me happy, i will buy it

without

without + n. 状语 修饰动词 在没有… 的情况下
I can read this book without a computer

插入语

可以任何东西 任何形式 可以用逗号隔开,也可以用破折号隔开

最常见的形式:
I like WTO, the/an organization that was estabilished in 1900

时态

一般过去时

仅仅是描绘动作
I played soccer

完成时 我已经

之所以写完成,一定在文章中有点用
I have played soccer

一般现在时

一定会发生
There are some reasons that might lead to this situation in the picture

过去完成时

拿 唐 清 现代举例
唐 对于清 做的事 就是过去完成时
唐 对于现代 做的是就是现在完成时

现在完成进行时

Have been doing 一直