英语语法-田瀚博
词性
名词
可数名词不要单写 a n. / the n. + 定语
名词在句首一般是主语
动词
及物动词 vt. 直接加宾语
不及物动词 vi. 不能加宾语 没有被动
形容词 adj. 形容名词
大部分是前置的
This is a book different from other books ,形容词后置但还是修饰的 a book
连词
- 加句子 引导一个句子
并列两句话 :and or but so
however,thus,therefore,furthermore 都是副词 不能连接两个句子 - 关系连词
when/if/who/how/altough/while 也不能单独引导一句话
介词 后面加名词、动名词
介词短语的作用
- 修饰名词
I can play soccer in my school (定语) - 修饰动词
I can play soccer in my school (状语)
介词
in 在…范围
on 在上面 impact/effect on n. 实体的/虚拟的
for 介词 为了
连词 因为 后面加句子 =because
of 对于/ 强调属性
with 和/用
to 当箭头用 改指向
over + n. 超过 + 抽象名词 = to/of
across 遍布
about 关于 + 数字相关的词 大于
副词 adv.
修饰 动词/形容词/副词
冠词
a 一个 泛指
the 特指 翻译成 ‘这个’
代词
任何代词在阅读中 你需要去找指代
the / this / it
量词
a n. of n. 一堆
句型
主谓宾
I love you
I am happy
I am in school
定语 =adj. 修饰名词
状语 =adv. 修饰动词
主语从句 主语本身是个句子
句子做主语,谓语用单数
- how/what/where 引导
- that 引导
That you play tennis is interesting (that 指代 你打网球这件事)
宾语从句
写作中宾语从句 that 不要省略
阅读中 要小心 that 可能省略
I think that I like to play soccer
I think that That these books are good is interesting
状语从句
关系分词 + 分句 ,主句( 主谓宾 )
或 主句( 主谓宾 ), 关系分词 + 分句
只是顺序不同,意思完全相同
Although I think that That these books are good is interesting , 主句
本质: 修饰动词
While
- 分句有进行时, 一般 是 ” 当”
- 没有进行时 一般是尽管 = although
As 介词: 作为 + n.
连词:句子
当/ 随着
因为 主句一个现象 , as sdasdasfas
正如, as sb/sth v., 句首/插入语
as adj. as
翻译时: 第一个 as 忽略,第二个 as 翻译成正如
This city is as beautiful as Shanghai ( 这座美丽的城市 正如上海一样)
定语从句
本质就是形容词
I like this book that is red
没有逗号
I like this book that is red
先行词做宾语,That 或者 whick 可以省略
I like this book ( that ) he read
This book he read is good
加逗号 非限定
which 可能指 book 也可能指读书这件事
I like to read these book, which makes me happy
看到定语从句要去想修饰哪个词
介词 + 定语从句 + 完整句子
只能用 which
不会修饰前面一句话
I like this book in which there is an apple ( 我喜欢这本书,在这本书上,有一个苹果)
I know a lots of friends among which there are many doctors ( 我知道很多朋友,在这些朋友中, 有很多医生)
- Where 和 When 引导的定语从句
在定语从句中做状语
Where 修饰地点,任何可以用 in 来描述的范围
I like the situation in your school where( in which) I can learn many things ( 我喜欢这个氛围在你的学校,在这个氛围里,我能学到很多事)
When 修饰时间
专有名词 + 后面定语从句 ( 修饰专有名词 )
I like WTO 20 years ago , which
定语从句 和状语从句的区别
I can go to shanghai where I have many books 定语从句,修饰上海 ( 我能去上海,在上海我有很多书
I can go to shanghai , where I have many books 状语从句,修饰 go , (在我有很多书的地方,我才能去上海 ) 原理 不要在意语义
非谓语动词
无论多么复杂冗长的句子,它有且仅有一个谓语动词。
也是动词, 但凡是动词 你就要去想 谁发出的动词
没有逗号
I like this book making me happy (形容 book)
有逗号
I like this book,making me happy. (i,book 或者整句话 都有可能)
动名词做主语
Ving + 宾语 + 谓语 (单数) + 宾语
Thinking that you are good is interesting
Producing computers from China is interesting
形式主语
- It is adj. for sb. to do sth.
- It is adj. that …
It is important that we should read books
It plays computer ( 不是形式主语, 需要去前文找指代)
It seems that you are right (这是形式主语,似乎你是对的)
感官动词 系动词 be
同位语从句 解释名词内容 只能用 that
I like this piece of news that is fresh 定语从句
I like this piece of news that I can read books
I like this iead/opinion/new/story ( 有内容的名词 ) that …
There be 有
本质 there be + n. 整体是一个完整的句子
There are apples 定语从句/非谓语/介词短语/同位语
There is no n.
变形
There might be
There is going to be n
There exist n.
强调句
It is adj. for sb. to do sth.
It is __ that ___
倒装
本质 主谓宾 宾谓主
this book is among many books
among mant books is this book
否定副词打头 后面句子是半倒装
否定副词 + 谓语 + 主语 + 宾语
I could rarely finish this
Rarely could i finish this
否定副词 only / rarely / seldom / nor / mrely / barely / not only / neither / scarely
With /without
with
With 介词短语 不能当主语
With A doing/done sth. 伴随着 A 做/被做
With this book that is red in China where you can play computers that are interesting making me happy, i will buy it
without
without + n. 状语 修饰动词 在没有… 的情况下
I can read this book without a computer
插入语
可以任何东西 任何形式 可以用逗号隔开,也可以用破折号隔开
最常见的形式:
I like WTO, the/an organization that was estabilished in 1900
时态
一般过去时
仅仅是描绘动作
I played soccer
完成时 我已经
之所以写完成,一定在文章中有点用
I have played soccer
一般现在时
一定会发生
There are some reasons that might lead to this situation in the picture
过去完成时
拿 唐 清 现代举例
唐 对于清 做的事 就是过去完成时
唐 对于现代 做的是就是现在完成时
现在完成进行时
Have been doing 一直